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Sandstone is a sedimentary rock formed from cemented sand-sized grains. It is one of the most common sedimentary rocks found on Earth and is extensively distributed throughout New Zealand, particularly in the North Island.
Sedimentary: Rock formed from the accumulation and cementing together of sand-sized grains.
Source locations: Extensive occurrences throughout New Zealand, especially in Auckland, Taranaki, King Country, Wairarapa, and Southland.
Sizes: Choose from dropdown menu either Shelf specimen (about 300–800g), Hand specimen (about 200–300g) or Small specimen (less than 200g).
Note: Images are examples of specimens only. Sizes and shapes will vary.
More detail
Clastic sedimentary. (A rock composed of broken pieces of older rocks and deposited as sediments by water or air.)
Colour: Highly variable, ranging from grey, yellow, red, to white, depending on the mineral composition and cement.
Lustre: Generally dull, but can appear more vibrant depending on the presence of minerals.
Hardness: Variable, from soft to hard, depending on the clast and cement composition, typically ranging from 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale for harder varieties.
Density: Ranges from 2.2 to 2.8 grams per cubic centimetre.
Fracture: Can exhibit conchoidal fractures, though not as commonly as in glassy rocks like obsidian.
Grain size and texture: Sandstone has a grain size of 0.06 to 2 mm, which is visible to the naked eye, and a gritty texture similar to sandpaper.
Porosity and permeability: Highly porous and permeable, making it an excellent reservoir for fluids like water and oil.
Weather resistance: Varies depending on the type of cement; some types are more resistant to weathering than others.
Workability: Easy to work with due to its relatively soft nature compared to other rocks like granite.
Construction: Widely used as a building material for facades, walls, and paving due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Paving and flooring: Suitable for walkways, patios, and pool surrounds because of its strength and slip-resistant qualities.
Monuments and sculptures: Often used for historic monuments and sculptures due to its ability to be carved into intricate designs.
Gravel and aggregate: Crushed sandstone is used as gravel and aggregate in road construction and concrete production.
Water filtration: Used in water filtration systems due to its porosity.
Grindstones: Coarser varieties are used to make grindstones for sharpening tools and weapons. Early Māori used them for this purpose.
Geological Studies: Important for understanding sedimentary processes and Earth's history.
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